What is Endometriosis?

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Endometriosis is a common yet often misunderstood medical condition that affects around 10% of Australian women. Learn more about endometriosis, its symptoms, causes, and how exercise can play a crucial role in managing endometriosis. Understanding this condition is crucial for those who may be experiencing it or know someone who is.

Endometriosis, otherwise known as ‘endo’, is defined as a benign gynaecological condition in which endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterine cavity, typically on other organs such the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tissue lining the pelvis. Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory condition. The growth and activity of endometrial tissue is normally regulated by oestrogen and progesterone, and in endometriosis, the tissue that grows outside the uterus responds to these hormones in the same way. This means that as oestrogen levels rise during the menstrual cycle, the endometrial tissue outside the uterus can grow and become more active, causing inflammation and pain. The chronic inflammation that is associated with endometriosis can also contribute to the development of scar tissue, adhesions, and other complications.

While the exact causes of endometriosis are not fully understood, it is believed that genetic, hormonal and environmental factors may all play a role in the development of this condition. Treatment options for endometriosis often focus on reducing inflammation, regulating hormone levels, and managing pain.

Symptoms of Endometriosis

Approximately 10% of Australian women are living with endometriosis, with 70% of those being symptomatic. Symptoms vary between each individual, with some experiencing severe symptoms whilst others experience none. The main symptoms of endometriosis are:

Dysmenorrhoea, otherwise known as period pain

Chronic pelvic pain

Deep dyspareunia, otherwise known as pain during intercourse

Cyclical intestinal complaints

Fatigue/weariness

Infertility

How Can Exercise Help With Endometriosis?

Whilst there is no cure for endometriosis, the main management plan is to control the associated pain. This is usually accomplished by hormonal suppression of the disease or surgical excision. Hormonal treatment can often have major side effects and surgical excision is often considered short term relief. New research has expanded into less invasive treatments such as focusing on the role of exercise. As endometriosis is an inflammatory disease, regular exercise can reduce the severity of symptoms as it causes an increase of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant markers within the body. Regular exercise also regulates hormone levels in the body such as reducing oestrogen levels within the body, which may be beneficial for those with endometriosis.  Endometriosis has also been linked to an increased risk of obesity, and regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, which in turn may help manage the symptoms associated.

Exercise and Endometriosis

Aerobic and strength based exercises are safe and effective for endometriosis. Individuals should aim for 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week. Strength training is recommended twice per week with particular focus on the lumbo-pelvic region. It is important to note that exercise should be tailored to each individual's needs and limitations, and it is always a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider before starting a new exercise routine.

Here are some exercises that may be beneficial for those with endometriosis:

Low-impact cardio: Walking, cycling, swimming, and other low-impact exercises can help improve cardiovascular health without putting too much strain on the body. These exercises can also help reduce stress and anxiety, which can worsen endometriosis symptoms.

Yoga: Practising yoga can help reduce stress and improve flexibility, which can be particularly helpful for those with endometriosis. Certain poses, such as the seated forward fold and the cobra pose, can help relieve menstrual cramps and back pain.

Strength training: Building muscle can help improve overall health and reduce the risk of injury. Strength training exercises, such as lifting weights or doing bodyweight exercises like push-ups and squats, can help build muscle and improve bone density.

Pelvic floor exercises: Pelvic floor exercises, also known as Kegels, can help strengthen the muscles that support the uterus, bladder, and rectum. This can help reduce pelvic pain and improve bladder control.

Stretching: Regular stretching can help improve flexibility and reduce muscle tension, which can be helpful for those with endometriosis. Stretching the hips, lower back, and thighs can be particularly beneficial.

How Can An Exercise Physiologist Help With Endometriosis?

It's important to talk to your doctor before starting any new exercise program, particularly if you have a chronic health condition like endometriosis. Your exercise physiologist can help you determine which exercises are safe and effective for you, and can also provide guidance on how to modify exercises to accommodate any physical limitations you may have. Exercise physiologists can also: